How is unequal treatment due to personal characteristics described?

The correct choice, which describes unequal treatment due to personal characteristics, is discrimination. Discrimination occurs when individuals are treated unjustly or unequally based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, religion, or other personal traits. This kind of treatment violates principles of fairness and equality, leading to negative consequences for the individuals affected.

In contrast, equitable treatment refers to the fair distribution of resources and opportunities, ensuring that everyone receives what they need to succeed. Equal opportunity focuses on providing individuals with the same chances to compete and succeed, regardless of their personal characteristics. Fair assessment involves evaluating individuals based on their abilities and performance rather than irrelevant personal traits. These concepts are aimed at promoting fairness and equality, which stands in stark contrast to the notion of discrimination.